Skip to content

Latvia

References

ACIA, 2004. Impacts of a warming Arctic. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 140 pp.

Alcamo, J., J.M. Moreno, B. Nováky, M. Bindi, R. Corobov, R.J.N. Devoy, C. Giannakopoulos, E. Martin, J.E. Olesen, A. Shvidenko, 2007: Europe. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 541-580.

Anderson, J. (ed.), 2007. Climate change-induced water stress and its impact on natural and managed ecosystems. Report European Parliament IP/A/CLIM/ST/2007.06.

Apsıte, E., Bakute, A., Elferts, D., Kurpniece, L. and I. Pallo, 2011. Climate change impacts on river runoff in Latvia. Climate Research 48: 57-71.

Bakkenes, M., Alkemade, J.R.M., Ihle, F., Leemans, R. and J.B. Latour, 2002. Assessing effects of forecasted climate change on the diversity and distribution of European higher plants for 2050. Global Change Biology 8: 390-407.

Barriopedro, D., Fischer, E.M., Luterbacher, J., Trigo, R.M. and R. García-Herrera, 2011. The hot summer of 2010: Redrawing the temperature record map of Europe. Science 332: 220-224.

Battisti, A., Statsmy, M., Schopf, A., Roques, A., Robinet, C. and A. Larsson, 2005. Expansion of geographical range in the pine processionary month caused by increased winter temperature. Ecological Applications 15: 2084-2094.

Beaugrand, G. and P.C. Reid, 2003. Long-term changes in phytoplankton, zooplankton and salmon related to climate. Global Change Biology 9: 801-817.

Behrens, A., Georgiev, A. and M. Carraro, 2010. Future impacts of climate change across Europe. Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) Working Document No. 324/February 2010.

Bender, M.A., Knutson, T.R., Tuleya, R.E., Sirutis, J.J., Vecchi, G.A., Garner, S.T. and I. M. Held. 2010. Modeled Impact of Anthropogenic Warming on the Frequency of Intense Atlantic Hurricanes. Science 327: 454 – 458.

Beniston, M., 2004. The 2003 heat wave in Europe: a shape of things to come? Geophysical Research Letters 31: L02202.

Beniston, M., Stephenson, D.B., Christensen, O.B., Ferro, C.A.T., Frei, C., Goyette, S., Halsnaes, K., Holt, T., Jylhä, K., Koffi, B., Palutikof, J., Schöll, R., Semmler, T. en K. Woth, 2007. Future extreme events in European climate: an exploration of regional climate model projections. Climate Change 81: 71-95.

Blenkinsop, S. and H. J. Fowler, 2007. Changes in European drought characteristics projected by the PRUDENCE regional climate models. International Journal of Climatology 27: 1595–1610.

Boisvenue, C. and S.W. Running, 2006. Impacts of climate change on natural forest productivity: evidence since the middle of the 20th century. Global Change Biology 12: 862-882.

Bosello, F., Nicholls, R.J., Richards, J., Roson, R. and R. S. J. Tol, 2012. Economic impacts of climate change in Europe: sea-level rise. Climatic Change 112: 63–81.

Carmin, J. and Y. F. Zhang, 2009. Achieving Urban Climate Adaptation in Europe and Central Asia. Policy Research Working Paper 5088. The World Bank, Europe and Central Asia Region, Sustainable Development Department, 31 pp.

Cazenave, A., Dieng, H.-B., Meyssignac, B., Von Schuckmann, K., Decharme, B. and E. Berthier, 2014. The rate of sea-level rise. Nature 4: 358-361.

Chmielewski, F.M. and T. Rotzer, 2001. Response of tree phenology to climate change across Europe. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 108: 101-112.

Commission of the European Communities, 2007. Addressing the challenge of water scarcity and droughts in the European Union. COM(2007) 414.

Cotton, P.A., 2003. Avian migration phenology and global climate change. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences USA 100: 12219-12222.

Coumou, D. and S. Rahmstorf, 2012. A decade of weather extremes. Nature Climate Change 2: 491-496.

Council of the European Union, 2007. Precidency Conclusions. Brussels, 2 May 2007, 7224/1/07.

Dawson, T.P., Jackson, S.T., House, J.I., Colin Prentice, I. and G. M. Mace, 2011. Beyond predictions: Biodiversity conservation in a changing climate. SCIENCE 332: 53-58.

Della-Marta, P. M., Haylock, M.R., Luterbacher, J. and H. Wanner, 2007. Doubled length of western European summer heat waves since 1880. Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 112 (11 pp), D15103, doi:10.1029/2007JD008510.

Deutsche Bank Research, 2008. Climate change and tourism: Where will the journey lead? Energy and climate change Current Issues, 28 pp.

Eisenreich, 2005. Climate Change and the European Water Dimension. A report to the European Water Directors 2005. EU Report No. 21553.

Ericson, J.P., Vörösmarty, C.J., Dingman, S.L., Ward, L.G., and M. Meybeck, 2006. Effective sea-level rise and deltas: Causes of change and human dimension implications. Global and Planetary Change 50: 63–82.

European Commission, 2008. Climate change and International security. Paper from the High Representative and the European Commission to the European Council. S113/08.

European Environment Agency (EEA), 2005. Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Europe. Technical report No 7/2005.

European Environment Agency (EEA), 2009. Water resources across Europe – confronting water scarcity and drought. Technical report No 2/2009.

European Environment Agency (EEA), JRC and WHO, 2008. Impact of Europe’s changing climate – 2008 indicator-based assessment. EEA Report no 4/2008 – JRC Reference Report no. JRC47756.

European Wind Energy Association, 2011. Wind in power. 2010 European Statistics, 11 pp.

Feyen, L., Dankers, R., Bódis, K., Salamon, P. and J. Barredo, 2012. Fluvial flood risk in Europe in present and future climates. Climatic Change 112: 47–62.

Fischer, E.M. and C. Schär, 2009. European heat waves in a changing climate. Proceedings CAWCR Modelling Workshop 2009: modeling and understanding high impact weather. The Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research.

Fischer, E.M., Rajczak, J. and C. Schär, 2012. Changes in European summer temperature variability revisited. Geophysical Research Letters 39, L19702, doi:10.1029/2012GL052730.

Fischlin (ed.), 2009. Future environmental impacts and vulnerabilities, in: Seppälä, R.,  Buck, A. and P. Katila (eds.), 2009. Adaptation of forests and people to climate change. A global assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 22, Helsinki, 224 pp.

Frei, C., Schöll, R., Fukutome, S., Schmidli, J. and P. L. Vidale, 2006. Future change of precipitation extremes in Europe: Intercomparison of scenarios from regional climate models Journal of Geophysical Research 111, D06105, doi:10.1029/2005JD005965, 2006.

German Advisory Council on Global Change (2007), World in transition: Climate change as a security risk. Summary for policy-makers.German Advisory Council on Global Change, Berlin, 13 pp.

Gottfried, M., Pauli, H., Futschik, A., Akhalkatsi, M., Barančok, P., Benito Alons, J.L., Coldea, G., Dick, J., Erschbamer, B., Fernández Calzado, M.R., Kazakis, G., Krajči, J., Larsson, P., Mallaun, M., Michelsen, O., Moiseev, D., Moiseev, P., Molau, U., Merzouki, A., Nagy, L., Nakhutsrishvili, G., Pedersen, B., Pelino, G., Puscas, M., Rossi, G., Stanisci, A., Theurillat, J.-P., Tomaselli, M., Villar, L., Vittoz, P., Vogiatzakis, I. and G. Grabherr, 2012. Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate change. Nature Climate Change 2: 111-115.

Gregow, H., Ruosteenoja, K., Pimenoff, N. and K. Jylhä, 2011. Changes in the mean and extreme geostrophic wind speeds in Northern Europe until 2100 based on nine global climate models. International Journal of Climatology 32: 1834–1846.

Haanpää, S., Lehtonen, S., Peltonen, L. and E. Talockaite, 2007. Impacts of winter storm Gudrun of 7th – 9th January 2005 and measures taken in Baltic Sea Region. Report ASTRA project (www.astra-project.org).

Hajat, S., Ebi, K.L., Kovats, S., Menne, B., Edwards, S. and A. Haines, 2003. The human health consequences of flooding in Europe and the implications for public health: a review of the evidence. Applied Environmental Science and Public Health 1.

Harrison, P.A., Berry, P.M., Butt, N. and M. New, 2006: Modelling climate change impacts on species’ distributions at the European scale: implications for conservation policy. Environmental Science & Policy 9: 116-128.

HELCOM, 2007. Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Area – HELCOM Thematic Assessment in 2007 Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 111, 54 pp.

Hinkel, J., Nicholls, R.J., Vafeidis, A.T., Tol, R.S.J. and T. Avagianou, 2010. Assessing risk of and adaptation to sea-level rise in the European Union: an application of DIVA. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 15: 703–719.

Hoegh-Guldberg, O. and J. F. Bruno, 2010. The impact of climate change on the world's marine ecosystems. Science 328: 1523-1528.

Hoglind, M., Morten Thorsen, S. and M. A. Semenov, 2013. Assessing uncertainties in impact of climate change on grass production in Northern Europe using ensembles of global climate models. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 170: 103-113.

Huppop, O. and K. Huppop, 2003. North Atlantic Oscillation and timing of spring migration in birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 270: 233-240.

Innes, J. (ed.), 2009. Management for adaptation, in: Seppälä, R.,  Buck, A. and P. Katila (eds.), 2009. Adaptation of forests and people to climate change. A global assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 22, Helsinki, 224 pp.

IPCC, 2000. Special report on emissions scenarios: a special report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, N. Nakicenovic and R. Swart (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 976pp.

IPCC, 2012. Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, 582 pp.

IPCC, 2014. Climate Chang 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (United Kingdom) and New York (USA), 1131 pp.

Jaagus, J., Briede, A., Rimkus, E. and K. Remm, 2014. Variability and trends in daily minimum and maximum temperatures and in the diurnal temperature range in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in 1951–2010. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 118: 57–68.

Jaagus, J., Briede, A., Rimkus, E. and M. Sepp, 2018. Changes in precipitation regime in the Baltic countries in 1966 - 2015. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 131: 433-443.

Kalvāne, G. and A. Kalvāns, 2021. Phenological trends of multi-taxonomic groups in Latvia, 1970-2018. International Journal of Biometeorology 65: 895-904.  

Kellomäki, S., Karjalainen, T., Mohren, F. and T. Lapveteläinen (eds.), 2000. Expert assessments of the likely impacts of climate change on forests and forestry in Europe. European Forest Institute EFI Proceedings No. 34, 120 pp.

Kirilenko, A.P. and R.A. Sedjo, 2007.Climate change impacts on forestry. PNAS vol. 104, no. 50: 19697–19702.

Kjellström, E., 2004: Recent and Future Signatures of Climate Change in Europa. Ambio, 33, 193-198.

Klavins, M., Briede, A., Rodinov, V., Kokorite, I. and T. Frisk, 2002. Long-term changes of the river runoff in Latvia. Boreal Environment Research 7: 447–456.

Klein Tank, A.M.G. and G.P. Können, 2003. Trends in indices of daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe, 1946–1999. Journal of Climatology 16: 3665–3680.

Kundzewicz, Z.W., 2002. Non-structural flood protection and sustainability. Water International vol. 27, no. 1: 3–13.

Kundzewicz, Z.W., 2006. Climate change and floods. Bulletin, the Journal of the World Meteorological Organization July 2006.

Kuusisto, K., 2004. The influence of climate change to European lakes, with a special emphasis in the Balkan Region. BALWOIS 2004, Ohrid, FY Republic of Macedonia, 25-29 May 2004, 5 pp.

Lemoine, N. and K. Bohning-Gaese, 2003. Potential impact of global climate change on species richness of long-distance migrants. Conservation Biology 17: 577-586.

Marttila, V., Granholm, H., Laanikari, J., Yrjölä, T., Aalto, A., Heikinheimo, P., Honkatukia, J., Järvinen, H., Liski, J., Merivirta, R., Paunio, M., 2005. Finland’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland Publication 1a/2005.

Mediero, L., Kjeldsen, T.R., Macdonald, N., Kohnova, S., Merz, B., Vorogushyn, S., Wilson, D., Alburquerque, T., Blöschl, G., Bogdanowicz, E., Castellarin, A., Hall, J., Kobold, M., Kriauciuniene, J., Lang, M., Madsen, H., Onußsluel Gül, G., Perdigão, R.A.P., Roald, L.A., Salinas, J.L., Toumazis, A.D., Veijalainen, N. and Ó. Þórarinsson, 2015. Identification of coherent flood regions across Europe by using the longest streamflow records. Journal of Hydrology 528: 341–360. 

Meehl, G.A. and C. Tebaldi, 2004. More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century. Science Vol. 305 (no. 5686): 994 – 997.

Meier, H.E.M., Höglund, A., Eilola, K. and E. Almroth‐Rosell, 2017. Impact of accelerated future global mean sea level rise on hypoxia in the Baltic Sea. Climate Dynamics 49: 163-172.

Meier, H.E.M., Eilola, K., Almroth‐Rosell, E., Schimanke, S., Kniebusch, M., Höglund, A., Pemberton, P., Liu, Y., Väli, G. and S. Saraiva, 2019. Disentangling the impact of nutrient load and climate changes on Baltic Sea hypoxia and eutrophication since 1850. Climate Dynamics 53: 1145-1166.

Menzel, A., Sparks, T.H., Estrella, N., Koch, E., Aas, A., Aha, R., Alm-Ku, K., Bissolli, P., Braslavská, O., Briede, A., Chmielewski, F.M., Crepinsek, Z., Curnel, Y., Dahl, Å., Defila, C., Donnelly, A., Filella, Y., Jatczak, K., Måge, F., Mestre, A., Nordli, Ø., Peñuelas, J., Pirinen, P., Remišová, V., Scheifinger, H., Striz, M., Susnik, A., Van Vliet, A.J.H., Wielgolaski, F.-E., Zach, S. and A. Zust, 2006. European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern. Global Change Biology 12: 1969–1976.

Mills, E., Roth, R.J. Jr. and E. Lecomte, 2005. Availability and affordability of insurance under climate change. A growing challenge for the U.S. Report commissioned by Ceres, 40 pp.

Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development, 2001. The Third National Communication of the Republic of Latvia under United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 167 pp.

Ministry of the Environment of the Republic of Latvia, 2006. Fourth National Communication of the Republic of Latvia to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 160 pp.

Moravec, V., Markonis, Y., Rakovec, O., Svoboda, M., Trnka, M., Kumar, R. and M. Martin Hanel , 2021. Europe under multi-year droughts: how severe was the 2014–2018 drought period? Environmental Research Letters 16, 034062.

Nicholls, N. and L. Alexander, 2007. Has the climate become more variable or extreme? Progress 1992–2006. Progress in Physical Geography 31(1): 77–87.

Omstedt, A., Pettersen, C., Rodhe, J. and P. Winsor, 2004. Baltic Sea climate: 200 yr of data on air temperature, sea level variation, ice cover, and atmospheric circulation. Climate Research Vol. 25: 205-216.

Osman-Elasha, B. and J. Parrotta, 2009 (eds).Future socio-economic impacts and vulnerabilities, in: Seppälä, R.,  Buck, A. and P. Katila (eds.), 2009. Adaptation of forests and people to climate change. A global assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 22, Helsinki, 224 pp.

Pollner, J., Kryspin-Watson, J. and S. Nieuwejaar, 2008. Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation in Europe and Central Asia. Report World Bank, 54 pp.

Pounds, J.A., Bustamante, M.R., Coloma, L.A., Consuegra, J.A., Fogden, M.P.L., Foster, P.N., La Marca, E., Masters, K.L., Merino-Viteri, A., Puschendorf, R., Ron, S.R., Sánchez-Azofeifa, G.A., Still, C.J. and B. E. Young, 2006. Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming. Nature 439: 161-167.

Randolph, S.E., 2004. Evidence that climate change has caused ‘emergence’ of tick-borne diseases in Europe? International Journal of Medical Microbiology 293:S5-S15.

Roberts, G. (ed.), 2009. Current adaptation measures and policies, in: Seppälä, R.,  Buck, A. and P. Katila (eds.), 2009. Adaptation of forests and people to climate change. A global assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 22, Helsinki, 224 pp.

Rounsevell, M.D.A., Ewert, F., Reginster, I., Leemans, R. and T.R. Carter, 2005. Future scenarios of European agricultural land use: II. Projecting changes in cropland and grassland. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 107 (2-3): 117-135.

Salman, A., S. Lombardo and P. Doody, 2004. Living with coastal erosion in Europe: sediment and space for sustainability. Part I - Major findings and policy recommendations of the EUROSION project. Service contract B4-3301/2001/329175/MAR/B3.

Saraiva, S., Meier, H.E.M., Andersson, H., Höglund, A., Dieterich, C., Gröger, M., Hordoir, R. and K. Eilola, 2019. Baltic Sea ecosystem response to various nutrient load scenarios in present and future climates. Climate Dynamics 52: 3369-3387.

Schröter,  D., Cramer, W., Leemans, R., Prentice, C.I., Araújo, M.B., Arnell, N.W., Bondeau, A., Bugmann, H., Carter, T.R., Gracia, C.A., De la Vega-Leinert, A.C., Erhard, M., Ewert, F., Glendining, M., House, J.I., Kankaanpää, S., Klein, R.J.T., Lavorel, S., Lindner, M., Metzger, M.J., Meyer, J., Mitchell, T.D., Reginster, I., Rounsevell, M., Sabaté, S., Sitch, S., Smith, B., Smith, J., Smith, P., Sykes, M.T., Thonicke, K., Thuiller, W., Tuck, G., Zaehle, S., and B. Zierl, 2005. Ecosystem Service Supply and Vulnerability to Global Change in Europe. Science 310: 1333-1337.

Semenza J.C. and B. Menne, 2009. Climate Change and Infectious Diseases in Europe. Lancet ID 9:365-375.

Straile, D. and N.C. Stenseth, 2007. The North Atlantic Oscillation and ecology: links between historical time-series, and lessons regarding future climate warming. Climate Research 34: 259-262.

Taylor, R.G., Scanlon, B., Döll, P., Rodell, M., Van Beek, R., Wada, Y., Longuevergne, L., Leblanc, M., Famiglietti, J.S., Edmunds, M., Konikow, L., Green, T.R., Chen, J., Taniguchi, M., Bierkens, M.F.P., MacDonald, A., Fan, Y., Maxwell, R.M., Yechieli, Y., Gurdak, J.J., Allen, D.M., Shamsudduha, M., Hiscock, K., Yeh, P. J.-F., Holman, I. and H. Treidel, 2012.Ground water and climate change. Nature Climate Change.Published Online: 25 November 2012 | DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1744.

Thomas, C.D., Cameron, A., Green, R.E., Bakkenes, M., Beaumont, L.J., Collingham, Y.C., Erasmus, B.F.N., Ferreira de Siqueira, M., Grainger, A., Hannah, L., Hughes, L., Huntley, B., Van Jaarsveld, A.S., Midgley, G.F., Miles, L., Ortega-Huerta, M.A., Peterson, A.T., Phillips, O.L. and S. E. Williams, 2004. Extinction risk from climate change. Nature 427: 145-148.

Thuiller, W., Lavorel, S., Araujo, M.B., Sykes, M.T. and I.C. Prentice, 2005. Climate change threats to plant diversity in Europe. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences USA 102: 8245- 8250.

Tonisson, H., Orviku, K., Lapinskis, J., Gulbinskas, S. and R. Žaromskis, 2013. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. In: Pranzini and Williams (eds), Coastal erosion and protection in Europe, Routledge, Oxon, pp. 47-80.

UNDP, 2009. Climate change in Moldova. Socio-economic impact and policy options for adaptation. National Human Development Report 2009/2010: 224 pp.

UNWTO, UNEP and WHO, 2008. Climate change and tourism. Responding to global challenges. Summary, 24 pp.

Van Vliet, M.T.H., Yearsley, J.R., Ludwig, F., Vögele, S., Lettenmaier, D.P. and P. Kabat, 2012. Vulnerability of US and European electricity supply to climate change. Nature Climate Change 2: 676-681.

Ward, R.E.T., Herweijer, C., Patmore, N. and R. Muir-Wood, 2008. The role of insurers in promoting adaptation to the impacts of climate change. The Geneva Papers (33): 133–139.

Watson, C.S., White, N.J., Church, J.A., King, M.A., Burgette, R.J. and B. Legresy, 2015.  Unabated global mean sea-level rise over the satellite altimeter era. Nature Climate Change 5: 565-569.

Willis, K.J. and S.A. Bhagwat, 2009. Biodiversity and climate change. Science 326: 806 – 807.

World Bank Group, 2009. Adapting to climate change in Europe and Central Asia. Umbrella Report, 116 pp.

Yi, S., Sun, W., Heki, K. and A. Qian, 2015. An increase in the rate of global mean sea level rise since 2010. Geophysical Research Letters 42: 3998-4006.