Spain

References Spain

Aakre, S., Banaszak, I., Mechler, R., Rübbelke, D., Wreford, A. and H. Kalirai, 2010. Financial adaptation to disaster risk in the European Union. Identifying roles for the public sector. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 15: 721–736.

ACIA, 2004. Impacts of a warming Arctic. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 140 pp.

Adloff, F., Somot, S., Sevault, F., Jordà, G., Aznar, R., Déqué. M., Herrmann, M., Marcos, M., Dubois, C., Padorno, E., Alvarez‐Fanjul, E. and D. Gomis, 2015.  Mediterranean Sea response to climate change in an ensemble of twenty first century scenarios. Climate Dynamics 45: 2775–2802. 

Alcamo, J., J.M. Moreno, B. Nováky, M. Bindi, R. Corobov, R.J.N. Devoy, C. Giannakopoulos, E. Martin, J.E. Olesen, A. Shvidenko, 2007: Europe. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 541-580.

Alvarado-Aguilar, D., Jiménez, J.A. and R. J. Nicholls, 2012. Flood hazard and damage assessment in the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean) to relative sea level rise. Natural Hazards 62: 1301–1321.

Amelung, B. and D. Viner, 2006. Mediterranean tourism: Exploring the future with the Tourism Climatic Index.Journal of Sustainable Tourism 14 (4): 349-366.

Amengual, A., Homar, V., Romero, R., Alonso, S. and C. Ramis, 2012. Projections of the climate potential for tourism at local scales: application to Platja de Palma, Spain. Review. International Journal  of Climatology 32: 2095–2107.

Amengual, A., 2022. Hydrometeorological analysis of the 12 and 13 September 2019 widespread flash flooding in eastern Spain. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22: 1159–1179. 

Anderson, J. (ed.), 2007. Climate change-induced water stress and its impact on natural and managed ecosystems. Report European Parliament IP/A/CLIM/ST/2007.06.

Bafaluy, D., Amengual, A., Romero, R. and V. Homar, 2014. Present and future climate resources for various types of tourism in the Bay of Palma, Spain. Regional Environmental Change 14: 1995–2006.

Bakkenes, M., Alkemade, J.R.M., Ihle, F., Leemans, R. and J.B. Latour, 2002. Assessing effects of forecasted climate change on the diversity and distribution of European higher plants for 2050. Global Change Biology 8: 390-407.

Barredo, J.I., 2007. Major flood disasters in Europe: 1950–2005. Nat Hazards 42:125–148.

Barrera-Escoda, A., Gonçalves, M., Guerreiro, D., Cunillera, J. and J.M. Baldasano, 2014. Projections of temperature and precipitation extremes in the North Western Mediterranean Basin by dynamical downscaling of climate scenarios at high resolution (1971–2050). Climatic Change 122: 567–582.

Barriopedro, D., Fischer, E.M., Luterbacher, J., Trigo, R.M. and R. García-Herrera, 2011. The hot summer of 2010: Redrawing the temperature record map of Europe. Science 332: 220-224.

Barriopedro, D., Sousa, P.M., Trigo, R.M., García-Herrera, R. and A. M. Ramos, 2020. The Exceptional Iberian heat wave of summer 2018. In: Explaining Extreme Events of 2018 from a Climate Perspective. Special Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society: 15-19. DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0159.1.

Battisti, A., Statsmy, M., Schopf, A., Roques, A., Robinet, C. and A. Larsson, 2005. Expansion of geographical range in the pine processionary month caused by increased winter temperature. Ecological Applications 15: 2084-2094.

Beaugrand, G. and P.C. Reid, 2003. Long-term changes in phytoplankton, zooplankton and salmon related to climate. Global Change Biology 9: 801-817.

Behrens, A., Georgiev, A. and M. Carraro, 2010. Future impacts of climate change across Europe. Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) Working Document No. 324/February 2010.

Bender, M.A., Knutson, T.R., Tuleya, R.E., Sirutis, J.J., Vecchi, G.A., Garner, S.T. and I. M. Held. 2010. Modeled Impact of Anthropogenic Warming on the Frequency of Intense Atlantic Hurricanes. Science 327: 454 – 458.

Beniston, M., 2004. The 2003 heat wave in Europe: a shape of things to come? Geophysical Research Letters 31: L02202.

Beniston, M., Stephenson, D.B., Christensen, O.B., Ferro, C.A.T., Frei, C., Goyette, S., Halsnaes, K., Holt, T., Jylhä, K., Koffi, B., Palutikof, J., Schöll, R., Semmler, T. en K. Woth, 2007. Future extreme events in European climate: an exploration of regional climate model projections. Climate Change 81: 71-95.

Benito, B., Lorite, J. and J. Peñas, 2012. Simulating potential effects of climatic warming on altitudinal patterns of key species in Mediterranean-alpine ecosystems. Climatic Change 108: 471–483.

Bento, V.A., Russo, A., Vieira, I. and C.M. Gouveia, 2023. Identification of forest vulnerability to droughts in the Iberian Peninsula. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 152: 559–579. 

Blenkinsop, S. and H. J. Fowler, 2007. Changes in European drought characteristics projected by the PRUDENCE regional climate models. International Journal of Climatology 27: 1595–1610.

Boisvenue, C. and S.W. Running, 2006. Impacts of climate change on natural forest productivity: evidence since the middle of the 20th century. Global Change Biology 12: 862-882.

Bosello, F., Nicholls, R.J., Richards, J., Roson, R. and R. S. J. Tol, 2012. Economic impacts of climate change in Europe: sea-level rise. Climatic Change 112: 63–81.

Bouwer, L.M., Huitema, D. and J.C.J.H. Aert, 2007. Adaptive flood management: the role of insurance and compensation in Europe. Proceedings Conference on the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change, 24-26 May 2007, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 35 pp.

Braud, I., Morga, M., Gourley, J., Hürlimann, M., Zappa, M. and F. Gallart, 2016. Flash floods, hydro-geomorphic response and risk management. Journal of Hydrology 541: 1-5. 

Brunet, M., Sigró, J. Saladie, O., Aguilar, E., Jones, P.D., Moberg, A., Walther, A. and D. López, 2005. Long-term change in the mean and extreme state of surface air temperature over Spain (1850-2003). Geophysical Research Abstracts 7, 04042. SRef-ID: 1607-7962/gra/EGU05-A-04042.

Bujosa, A. and J. Rosselló, 2012. Climate change and summer mass tourism: the case of Spanish domestic tourism. Climatic Change, doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0554-x. Published online 11 August 2012.

Calvo, E., Simó, R., Coma, R., Ribes, M., Pascual, J., Sabatés, A., Gili, J.M. and  C. Pelejero, 2011. Effects of climate change on Mediterranean marine ecosystems: the case of the Catalan Sea. Climate Research 50: 1-29.

Cardil, A., Molina, D.M., Ramirez, J. and C. Vega-García, 2013. Trends in adverse weather patterns and large wildland fires in Aragón (NE Spain) from 1978 to 2010. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13: 1393-1399.Cazenave, A., Dieng, H.-B., Meyssignac, B., Von Schuckmann, K., Decharme, B. and E. Berthier, 2014. The rate of sea-level rise. Nature 4: 358-361.

Carrillo, J., González, A., Pérez, J.C., Expósito, F.J. and J.P. Díaz, 2022. Projected impacts of climate change on tourism in the Canary Islands. Regional Environmental Change 22: 61, doi:10.1007/s10113-022-01880-9.

Carrillo, J., Pérez, J.C., Expósito, F.J., Díaz, J.P. and A. González, 2022. Projections of wildfire weather danger in the Canary Islands. Scientific Reports 12, 8093, doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12132-5.

Ceglar, A., Yang, C., Toreti, A., Santos, J.A., Pasqui, M., Ponti, L., Dell’Aquila, A. and A. Graça, 2024. Co-designed agro-climate indicators identify different future climate effects for grape and olive across Europe. Climate Services 34: 100454, doi: 10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100454.

Chico, G., Clutterbuck, B., Clough, J., Lindsay, R., Midgley, N.G. and J.C. Labadz, 2020. Geo-hydromorphological assessment of Europe’s southernmost blanket bogs. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 45: 2747 - 2760.

Chmielewski, F.M. and T. Rotzer, 2001. Response of tree phenology to climate change across Europe. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 108: 101-112.

Chust, G., Borja, A., Caballero, A., Irigoien, X., Sáenz, J., Moncho, R., Marcos, M., Liria, P., Hidalgo, J., Valle, M. and V. Valencia, 2011. Climate change impacts on coastal and pelagic environments in the southeastern Bay of Biscay. Climate Research 48: 307–332.

Coll, J.R., Aguilar, E. and L. Ashcroft, 2017. Drought variability and change across the Iberian Peninsula. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 130: 901-916.

Comisíon de Coordinación de Políticas de Cambio Climático, 2007. El cambio climático en España. Estado de situación. Documento resumen Noviembro de 2007.

Commission of the European Communities, 2007. Addressing the challenge of water scarcity and droughts in the European Union. COM(2007) 414.

Cotton, P.A., 2003. Avian migration phenology and global climate change. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences USA 100: 12219-12222.

Coumou, D. and S. Rahmstorf, 2012. A decade of weather extremes. Nature Climate Change 2: 491-496.

Council of the European Union, 2007. Precidency Conclusions. Brussels, 2 May 2007, 7224/1/07.

Dawson, T.P., Jackson, S.T., House, J.I., Colin Prentice, I. and G. M. Mace, 2011. Beyond predictions: Biodiversity conservation in a changing climate. SCIENCE 332: 53-58.

Della-Marta, P. M., Haylock, M.R., Luterbacher, J. and H. Wanner, 2007. Doubled length of western European summer heat waves since 1880. Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 112 (11 pp), D15103, doi:10.1029/2007JD008510.

Deutsche Bank Research, 2008. Climate change and tourism: Where will the journey lead? Energy and climate change Current Issues, 28 pp.

Eisenreich, 2005. Climate Change and the European Water Dimension. A report to the European Water Directors 2005. EU Report No. 21553.

Enríquez, A.R., Marcos, M., Álvarez-Ellacuría, A., Orfila, A. and D. Gomis, 2017. Changes in beach shoreline due to sea level rise and waves under climate change scenarios: application to the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean). Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17: 1075-1089. 

Ericson, J.P., Vörösmarty, C.J., Dingman, S.L., Ward, L.G., and M. Meybeck, 2006. Effective sea-level rise and deltas: Causes of change and human dimension implications. Global and Planetary Change 50: 63–82.

Erol, A. and T. O. Randhir, 2012. Climatic change impacts on the ecohydrology of Mediterranean watersheds. Climatic Change 114: 319–341.

European Commission (DG Environment), 2007. Water scarcity and droughts. Second interim report.

European Commission, 2008. Climate change and International security. Paper from the High Representative and the European Commission to the European Council. S113/08.

European Environment Agency (EEA), 2003. Mapping the impacts of recent natural disasters and technological accidents in Europe. Environmental Issues, Report No. 35, Copenhagen, Denmark, 48 pp.

European Environment Agency (EEA), 2005. Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Europe. Technical report No 7/2005.

European Environment Agency (EEA), 2009. Water resources across Europe – confronting water scarcity and drought. Technical report No 2/2009.

European Environment Agency, 2017. Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016. An indicator-based report. EEA Report No1/2017, 410 pp.

European Environment Agency (EEA), JRC and WHO, 2008. Impact of Europe’s changing climate – 2008 indicator-based assessment. EEA Report no 4/2008 – JRC Reference Report no. JRC47756.

European Wind Energy Association, 2011. Wind in power. 2010 European Statistics, 11 pp.

Evans, G., 2008. Man’s Impact on the Coastline. Journal of Iberian Geology 34 (2) 2008: 167-190.

Fernández-Montes, S. and F.S. Rodrigo, 2012. Trends in seasonal indices of daily temperature extremes in the Iberian Peninsula, 1929–2005. International Journal of Climatology 32: 2320–2332.

Fischer, E.M. and C. Schär, 2009. European heat waves in a changing climate. Proceedings CAWCR Modelling Workshop 2009: modeling and understanding high impact weather. The Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research.

Fischer, E.M., Rajczak, J. and C. Schär, 2012. Changes in European summer temperature variability revisited. Geophysical Research Letters 39, L19702, doi:10.1029/2012GL052730.

Fischlin (ed.), 2009. Future environmental impacts and vulnerabilities, in: Seppälä, R.,  Buck, A. and P. Katila (eds.), 2009. Adaptation of forests and people to climate change. A global assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 22, Helsinki, 224 pp.

Fleskens, L., Nainggolan, D., Termansen, M., Hubacek, K. and M.S. Reed, 2013. Regional consequences of the way land users respond to future water availability in Murcia, Spain. Regional Environmental Change 13: 615-632.

Fraga, H., Pinto, J.G., Viola, F. and J.A. Santos, 2019. Climate change projections for olive yields in the Mediterranean Basin. International Journal of Climatology 40: 769-781.

Frei, C., Schöll, R., Fukutome, S., Schmidli, J. and P. L. Vidale, 2006. Future change of precipitation extremes in Europe: Intercomparison of scenarios from regional climate models Journal of Geophysical Research 111, D06105, doi:10.1029/2005JD005965, 2006.

Garza-Gil, M.D., Torralba-Cano, J. and M. M. Varela-Lafuente, 2011. Evaluating the economic effects of climate change on the European sardine fishery. Regional Environmental Change 11: 87–95.

German Advisory Council on Global Change (2007), World in transition: Climate change as a security risk. Summary for policy-makers.German Advisory Council on Global Change, Berlin, 13 pp.

Giannakopoulos, C., Bindi, M., Moriondo, M., LeSager, P. and T. Tin, 2005. Climate change impacts in the Mediterranean resulting from a 2⁰C global temperature rise. Report for WWF, 67 pp.

Gil-Guirado, S., Pérez-Morales, A. and F. Lopez-Martinez, 2019. SMC-Flood database: a high-resolution press database on flood cases for the Spanish Mediterranean coast (1960–2015). Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19: 1955-1971. 

Golombek, R., Kittelsen, S.A.C. and I. Haddeland, 2012. Climate change: impacts on electricity markets in Western Europe. Climatic Change 113: 357–370.

Gonçalves, M., Barrera-Escoda, A., Guerreiro, D., Baldasano, J.M. and J. Cunillera, 2014. Seasonal to yearly assessment of temperature and precipitation trends in the North Western Mediterranean Basin by dynamical downscaling of climate scenarios at high resolution (1971–2050). Climatic Change 122: 243–256.

Gonzalez-Hidalgo, J.C., Peña-Angulo, D., Brunetti, M. and N. Cortesi, 2015. MOTEDAS: a new monthly temperature database for mainland Spain and the trend in temperature (1951–2010). International Journal of Climatology 35: 4444–4463
.

Gottfried, M., Pauli, H., Futschik, A., Akhalkatsi, M., Barančok, P., Benito Alons, J.L., Coldea, G., Dick, J., Erschbamer, B., Fernández Calzado, M.R., Kazakis, G., Krajči, J., Larsson, P., Mallaun, M., Michelsen, O., Moiseev, D., Moiseev, P., Molau, U., Merzouki, A., Nagy, L., Nakhutsrishvili, G., Pedersen, B., Pelino, G., Puscas, M., Rossi, G., Stanisci, A., Theurillat, J.-P., Tomaselli, M., Villar, L., Vittoz, P., Vogiatzakis, I. and G. Grabherr, 2012. Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate change. Nature Climate Change 2: 111-115.

Government of Spain. Quinta Comunicación Nacional de España: Convención Marco de Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático, 520 pp.

Gracia, V., Sánchez-Arcilla, A. and G. Anfuso, 2013. Spain. In: Pranzini and Williams (eds), Coastal erosion and protection in Europe, Routledge, Oxon, pp. 254-274.

Guerreiro, S.B., Kilsby C.G. and H.J. Fowler, 2016.  Rainfall in Iberian transnational basins: a drier future for the Douro, Tagus and Guadiana? Climatic Change 135: 467–480.

Guiot, J. and W. Cramer, 2016. Climate change: The 2015 Paris Agreement thresholds and Mediterranean basin ecosystems. Science 354 (6311): 465-468. 

Haarsma, R. J., Hazeleger, W., Severijns, C., de Vries, H., Sterl, A. Bintanja, R., van Oldenborgh, G.J. and H. W. van den Brink, 2013. More hurricanes to hit Western Europe due to global warming. Geophysical Research Letters 40: 1783–1788.

Hajat, S., Ebi, K.L., Kovats, S., Menne, B., Edwards, S. and A. Haines, 2003. The human health consequences of flooding in Europe and the implications for public health: a review of the evidence. Applied Environmental Science and Public Health 1.

Halder, B., Karimi, A., Mohammad, P., Bandyopadhyay, J., Brown, R.D. and Z. M. Yaseen, 2022. Investigating the relationship between land alteration and the urban heat island of Seville city using multi‐temporal Landsat data. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 150: 613–635.

Harrison, P.A., Berry, P.M., Butt, N. and M. New, 2006: Modelling climate change impacts on species’ distributions at the European scale: implications for conservation policy. Environmental Science & Policy 9: 116-128.

Heinrich, G. and A. Gobiet, 2012. The future of dry and wet spells in Europe: a comprehensive study based on the ENSEMBLES regional climate models. International  Journal of Climatology 32: 1951–1970.

Hidalgo, J. C. G., De Luís, M., Raventós, J. and J.R. Sánchez, 2003. Daily rainfall trend in the Valencia Region of Spain, Theoretical and Applied Climatology 75: 117–130.

Hidalgo-Galvez, M.D., García-Mozo, H., Oteros, J., Mestre, A., Botey, R. and C. Galán, 2018. Phenological behaviour of early spring flowering trees in Spain in response to recent climate changes. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 132: 263-273. 

Hinkel, J., Nicholls, R.J., Vafeidis, A.T., Tol, R.S.J. and T. Avagianou, 2010. Assessing risk of and adaptation to sea-level rise in the European Union: an application of DIVA. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 15: 703–719.

Hodar, J.A. and R. Zamora, 2004. Herbivory and climatic warming: a Mediterranean outbreaking caterpillar attacks a relict, boreal pine species. Biodiversity and Conservation 13 (3): 493-500.

Hochrainer, S., Linnerooth-Bayer, J. and R. Mechler, 2010. The European Union Solidarity Fund. Its legitimacy, viability and efficiency. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 15: 797–810.

Hoegh-Guldberg, O. and J. F. Bruno, 2010. The impact of climate change on the world's marine ecosystems. Science 328: 1523-1528.

Hof, A. and M. Blázquez-Salom, 2015. Changing tourism patterns, capital accumulation, and urban water consumption in Mallorca, Spain: a sustainability fix? Journal of Sustainable Tourism 23 (5): 770-796.

Huppop, O. and K. Huppop, 2003. North Atlantic Oscillation and timing of spring migration in birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 270: 233-240.

Iglesias, A., Garrote, L., Quiroga, S. and M. Moneo, 2009. Impacts of climate change in agriculture in Europe. PESETA-Agriculture study. Report EUR 24107 EN – 2009, 51 pp.

Iglesias, A., Quiroga, S. and  J. Schlickenrieder, 2010. Climate change and agricultural adaptation: assessing management uncertainty for four crop types in Spain. Climate Research 44: 83-94.

Innes, J. (ed.), 2009. Management for adaptation, in: Seppälä, R.,  Buck, A. and P. Katila (eds.), 2009. Adaptation of forests and people to climate change. A global assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 22, Helsinki, 224 pp.

IPCC, 2000. Special report on emissions scenarios: a special report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, N. Nakicenovic and R. Swart (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 976pp.

IPCC, 2012. Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, 582 pp.

IPCC, 2014. Climate Chang 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (United Kingdom) and New York (USA), 1131 pp.

Karas, J., 2000. Climate change and the Mediterranean region. Report Greenpeace, 34 pp.

Karavani, A., De Cáceres, M., Martínez de Aragón, J., Bonet, J.A. and S. de-Miguel, 2018. Effect of climatic and soil moisture conditions on mushroom productivity and related ecosystem services in Mediterranean pine stands facing climate change. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 248: 432-440.

Kirilenko, A.P. and R.A. Sedjo, 2007.Climate change impacts on forestry. PNAS vol. 104, no. 50: 19697–19702.

Kjellström, E., 2004: Recent and Future Signatures of Climate Change in Europa. Ambio, 33, 193-198.

Klein Tank, A.M.G. and G.P. Können, 2003. Trends in indices of daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe, 1946–1999. Journal of Climatology 16: 3665–3680.

Kosatsky, T., 2005. The 2003 European heat waves. Eurosurveillance 10 (7) :pii=552. Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=552.

Kreibich, H., Bubeck, P., Van Vliet, M. and H. De Moel, 2015. A review of damage-reducing measures to manage fluvial flood risks in a changing climate.

Kundzewicz, Z.W., 2002. Non-structural flood protection and sustainability. Water International vol. 27, no. 1: 3–13.

Kundzewicz, Z.W., 2006. Climate change and floods. Bulletin, the Journal of the World Meteorological Organization July 2006.

Kuusisto, K., 2004. The influence of climate change to European lakes, with a special emphasis in the Balkan Region. BALWOIS 2004, Ohrid, FY Republic of Macedonia, 25-29 May 2004, 5 pp.

Lehner, B., Czisch, G. en S. Vassolo, 2001. Europe's hydropower potential today and in the future. EuroWasser: model-based assessment of European water resources and hydrology in the face of global change. In: B. Lehner, T. Henrichs, P. Doll, and J. Alcamo (Eds.), Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany.

Lemoine, N. and K. Bohning-Gaese, 2003. Potential impact of global climate change on species richness of long-distance migrants. Conservation Biology 17: 577-586.

Llasat, M.C., Marcos, R., Turco, M., Gilabert, J. and M. Llasat-Botija, 2016. Trends in flash flood events versus convective precipitation in the Mediterranean region: The case of Catalonia. Journal of Hydrology 541: 24-37. 

Loepfe, L., Martinez-Vilalta, J. and J. Piñol, 2012. Management alternatives to offset climate change effects on Mediterranean fire regimes in NE Spain. Climatic Change 115: 693–707.

López-Moreno, J.I., El-Kenawy, A., Revuelto, J., Azor´ın-Molina, C., Morán-Tejeda, E., Lorenzo-Lacruz, J., Zabalza, J. and S. M. Vicente-Serrano, 2014. Observed trends and future projections for winter warm events in the Ebro basin, northeast Iberian Peninsula. International Journal of Climatology 34: 49–60.

López-Moreno, J.I. et al., 2020. Long-term trends (1958–2017) in snow cover duration and depth in the Pyrenees. International Journal of Climatology 40: 6122-6136.

Lorenzo, M.N., Taboada, J.J., Lorenzo, J.F. and A.M. Ramos, 2013. Influence of climate on grape production and wine quality in the Rıas Baixas, north-western Spain. Regional Environmental Change 13: 887–896.

Lorenzo, M.N. and I. Alvarez, 2022. Future changes of hot extremes in Spain: towards warmer conditions. Natural Hazards 113: 383–402.

Lorenzo, M.N., Alvarez, I. and J.J. Taboada, 2022. Drought evolution in the NW Iberian Peninsula over a 60 year period (1960–2020). Journal of Hydrology 610, 127923, doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127923.

Lorenzo, M.N., Ramos, A.M. and S. Brands, 2016. Present and future climate conditions for winegrowing in Spain. Regional Environmental Change 16: 617–627. 

Lorenzo-Lacruz, J., Amengual, A., Garcia, C., Morán-Tejeda, E., Homar, V., Maimó-Far, A., Hermoso, A., Ramis, C. and R. Romero, 2019. Hydro-meteorological reconstruction and geomorphological impact assessment of the October 2018 catastrophic flash flood at Sant Llorenç, Mallorca (Spain). Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19: 2597 – 2617. 

Lorite, I.J., Cabezas, J.M., Ruiz-Ramos, M., de la Rosa, R., Soriano, M.A., León, L., Santos, C. and C. Gabaldón-Leal, 2022. Enhancing the sustainability of Mediterranean olive groves through adaptation measures to climate change using modelling and response surfaces. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 313, 108742, doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108742.

Mairech, H., López-Bernal, A., Moriondo, M., Dibari, C., Regni, L., Proietti, P., Villalobos, F.J. and L. Testi, 2021. Sustainability of olive growing in the Mediterranean area under future climate scenarios: Exploring the effects of intensification and deficit irrigation. European Journal of Agronomy 129, 126319, doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2021.126319.

Majone, B., Bovolo, C.I., Bellin, A., Blenkinsop, S. and H.J. Fowler, 2012. Modeling the impacts of future climate change on water resources for the Gállego river basin (Spain), Water Resources Research 48, W01512, doi: 10.1029/2011WR010985.

March, H., Saurí, D. and A.M. Rico-Amorós, 2014. The end of scarcity? Water desalination as the new cornucopia for Mediterranean Spain. Journal of Hydrology 519: 2642–2651.

Marcos, M., Chust, G., Jordà, G. and A. Caballero, 2012. Effect of sea level extremes on the western Basque coast during the 21st century. Climate Research 51: 237–248.

Martín, M. L. et al., 2024. Major role of marine heatwave and anthropogenic climate change on a Giant hail Event in Spain. Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2023GL107632, doi: 10.1029/ 2023GL107632.

Martín-Vide, J.P. and M.C. Llasat, 2018. The 1962 flash flood in the Rubí stream (Barcelona, Spain). Journal of Hydrology 566: 441-454. Marttila, V., Granholm, H., Laanikari, J., Yrjölä, T., Aalto, A., Heikinheimo, P., Honkatukia, J., Järvinen, H., Liski, J., Merivirta, R., Paunio, M., 2005. Finland’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland Publication 1a/2005.

Meaurio, M., Zabaleta, A., Boithias, L., Miren Epelde, A., Sauvage, S., Sánchez-Pérez, J.M., Srinivasan, R. and I. Antiguedad, 2017. Assessing the hydrological response from an ensemble of CMIP5 climate projections in the transition zone of the Atlantic region (Bay of Biscay). Journal of Hydrology 548: 46-62. 

Mediero, L., Santillán, D., Garrote, L. and A. Granados, 2014. Detection and attribution of trends in magnitude, frequency and timing of floods in Spain. Journal of Hydrology 517: 1072–1088.

Mediero, L., Kjeldsen, T.R., Macdonald, N., Kohnova, S., Merz, B., Vorogushyn, S., Wilson, D., Alburquerque, T., Blöschl, G., Bogdanowicz, E., Castellarin, A., Hall, J., Kobold, M., Kriauciuniene, J., Lang, M., Madsen, H., Onußsluel Gül, G., Perdigão, R.A.P., Roald, L.A., Salinas, J.L., Toumazis, A.D., Veijalainen, N. and Ó. Þórarinsson, 2015. Identification of coherent flood regions across Europe by using the longest streamflow records. Journal of Hydrology 528: 341–360. 

Meehl, G.A. and C. Tebaldi, 2004. More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century. Science Vol. 305 (no. 5686): 994 – 997.

Menzel, A., Sparks, T.H., Estrella, N., Koch, E., Aas, A., Aha, R., Alm-Ku, K., Bissolli, P., Braslavská, O., Briede, A., Chmielewski, F.M., Crepinsek, Z., Curnel, Y., Dahl, Å., Defila, C., Donnelly, A., Filella, Y., Jatczak, K., Måge, F., Mestre, A., Nordli, Ø., Peñuelas, J., Pirinen, P., Remišová, V., Scheifinger, H., Striz, M., Susnik, A., Van Vliet, A.J.H., Wielgolaski, F.-E., Zach, S. and A. Zust, 2006. European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern. Global Change Biology 12: 1969–1976.

Milano, M., Ruelland, D., Dezetter, A. Fabre, J., Ardoin-Bardin, S. and E. Servat, 2013. Modeling the current and future capacity of water resources to meet water demands in the Ebro basin. Journal of Hydrology 500: 114–126.

Mills, E., Roth, R.J. Jr. and E. Lecomte, 2005. Availability and affordability of insurance under climate change. A growing challenge for the U.S. Report commissioned by Ceres, 40 pp.

Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino, 2008. Datos sobre la nieve y los glaciares en las cordilleras españolas. El programa ERHIN (1984-2008).

Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea of Italy, 2007. Fourth National Communication under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: Italy, 325 pp.

Molina-Navarro, E., Trolle, D., Martinez-Perez, S., Sastre-Merlin, A. and E. Jeppesen, 2014. Hydrological and water quality impact assessment of a Mediterranean limno-reservoir under climate change and land use management scenarios. Journal of Hydrology 509: 354–366.

Molina-Terrén, D.M. and A. Cardil, 2016. Temperature determining larger wildland fires in NE Spain. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 125: 295–302.

Moral, F.J., Paniagua, L.L., Rebollo, F.J. and A. García-Martín, 2017. Spatial analysis of the annual and seasonal aridity trends in Extremadura, southwestern Spain. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 130: 917-932. 

Morán-Tejeda, E., Herrera, S., López-Moreno, J.J., Revuelto, J., Lehmann, A. and M. Beniston, 2013. Evolution and frequency (1970–2007) of combined temperature–precipitation modes in the Spanish mountains and sensitivity of snow cover. Regional Environmental Change 13: 873–885.

Morán-Tejeda, E., Lorenzo-Lacruz, J., López-Moreno, J.I., Rahman, K. and M. Beniston, 2014. Streamflow timing of mountain rivers in Spain: Recent changes and future projections. Journal of Hydrology 517:  1114–1127.

Moriondo, M., Bindi, M., Kundzewicz, Z.W., Szwed, M., Chorynski, A., Matczak, P., Radziejewski, M., McEvoy, D. and A. Wreford, 2010. Impact and adaptation opportunities for European agriculture in response to climatic change and variability. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 15: 657–679.

Nicolas, D., Chaalali, A., Drouineau, H., Lobry, J., Uriarte, A., Borja, A. and P. Boët, 2011. Impact of global warming on European tidal estuaries: some evidence of northward migration of estuarine fish species. Regional Environmental Change 11: 639–649.

Nicholls, N. and L. Alexander, 2007. Has the climate become more variable or extreme? Progress 1992–2006. Progress in Physical Geography 31(1): 77–87.

Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 2013. Extreme Weather Events in Europe: preparing for climate change adaptation. Report by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute in cooperation with European Academies Science Advisory Council, 136 pp.

Oficina Española de Cambio Climático, 2008. The Spanish national climate change adaptation plan.

Olesen, J. and M. Bindi, 2002. Consequences of climate change for European agricultural productivity, land use and policy. European Journal of Agronomy 16 (2002): 239–262.

Oliveras, I., Piñol, J. and D. X. Viegas, 2005. Modelling the long term effect of changes in fire frequency on the total area burnt. Orsis 20: 73-81.

Osman-Elasha, B. and J. Parrotta, 2009 (eds).Future socio-economic impacts and vulnerabilities, in: Seppälä, R.,  Buck, A. and P. Katila (eds.), 2009. Adaptation of forests and people to climate change. A global assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 22, Helsinki, 224 pp.

Oteros, J., García-Mozo, H., Botey, R., Mestre, A. and C. Galán, 2015.  Variations in cereal crop phenology in Spain over the last twenty-six years (1986–2012). Climatic Change 130: 545–558.

Paniagua, L.L., García-Martín, A., Moral, F.J. and F.J. Rebollo, 2019. Aridity in the Iberian Peninsula (1960–2017): distribution, tendencies, and changes. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 138: 811-830.

Paredes-Fortuny, L. and S. Khodayar, 2023. Understanding the Magnification of Heatwaves over Spain: Relevant changes in the most extreme events. Weather and Climate Extremes 42, 100631, doi: 10.1016/j.wace.2023.100631.

Páscoa, P., Russo, A., Gouveia, C.M., Soares, P.M.M., Cardoso, R.M., Careto, J.A.M and A.F.S. Ribeiro, 2021. A high-resolution view of the recent drought trends over the Iberian Peninsula. Weather and Climate Extremes 32, 100320. 

Pastor, F., Valiente, J.A. and S. Khodayar, 2020. A Warming Mediterranean: 38 Years of Increasing Sea Surface Temperature. Remote Sensing 12, 2687, doi: 10.3390/rs12172687.

Pausas, J.G., 2004. Changes in Fire and Climate in the Eastern Iberian Peninsula (Mediterranean Basin). Climatic Change 63 (3): 337-350.

Pausas, J.G. and S. Fernández-Muñoz, 2012. Fire regime changes in the Western Mediterranean Basin: from fuel-limited to drought-driven fire regime. Climatic Change 110: 215–226.

Peña-Angulo, D. et al., 2021. Seasonal temperature trends on the Spanish mainland: A secular study (1916-2015). International Journal of Climatology 41: 3071-3084.

Pereira, S.C., Marta-Almeida, M., Carvalho, A.C. and A. Rocha, 2017. Heat wave and cold spell changes in Iberia for a future climate scenario. International Journal of Climatology DOI: 10.1002/joc.5158.

Pereira, S.C., Marta-Almeida, M., Carvalho, A.C. and A.  Rocha, 2020. Extreme precipitation events under climate change in the Iberian Peninsula. International Journal of Climatology 40: 1255-1278.

Pérez-García, N., Font, X., Ferré, A. and J. Carreras, 2013. Drastic reduction in the potential habitats for alpine and subalpine vegetation in the Pyrenees due to twenty-first-century climate change. Regional Environmental Change 13: 1157-1169.

Pérez-Zanón, N., Sigró, J. and L. Ashcroft, 2017. Temperature and precipitation regional climate series over the central Pyrenees during 1910-2013. International Journal of Climatology 37: 1922-1937.

Pino, P., Ruiz-Bellet, J.L., Balasch, J.C., Romero-León, L., Tuset, J., Barriendos, M., Mazon, J. and X. Castelltort, 2016. Meteorological and hydrological analysis of major floods in NE Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Hydrology 541: 63–89.

Piñol, J., Terradas, J. and F. Lloret, 1998. Climate warming, wildfire hazard, and wildfire occurrence in coastal eastern spain. Climatic Change 38 (3): 345-357.

Pons, M., Johnson, P.A., Rosas-Casals, M., Sureda, B. and E. Jover, 2012. Modeling climate change effects on winter ski tourism in Andorra. Climate Research 54: 197-207.

Pons, M., López-Moreno, J.I., Rosas-Casals, M. and È. Jover, 2015. The vulnerability of Pyrenean ski resorts 
to climate-induced changes in the snowpack. Climatic Change 131: 591–605. 

Pons, M.R., Herrera, S. and J.M. Gutiérrez, 2016. Future trends of snowfall days in northern Spain from ENSEMBLES regional climate projections. Climate Dynamics 46: 3645–3655. 

Pounds, J.A., Bustamante, M.R., Coloma, L.A., Consuegra, J.A., Fogden, M.P.L., Foster, P.N., La Marca, E., Masters, K.L., Merino-Viteri, A., Puschendorf, R., Ron, S.R., Sánchez-Azofeifa, G.A., Still, C.J. and B. E. Young, 2006. Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming. Nature 439: 161-167.

Priego, F.J., Rosselló´, J. and M. Santana-Gallego, 2015. The impact of climate change on domestic tourism: a gravity model for Spain. Regional Environmental Change 15: 291–300.

Ramos, M.C. and J.A. Martínez-Casasnovas, 2015. Climate change influence on runoff and soil losses in a rainfed basin with Mediterranean climate. Natural Hazards 78: 1065–1089. 

Ramos, M.C., 2017. Projection of phenology response to climate change in rainfed vineyards in northeast Spain. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 247: 104-115.

Ramos, R.M. and F. Martínez de Toda, 2020. Variability in the potential effects of climate change on phenology and on grape composition of Tempranillo in three zones of the Rioja DOCa (Spain). European Journal of Agronomy 115, 126014, doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2020.126014.  

Rangel-Buitrago, N. and G. Anfuso, 2013. Winter wave climate, storms and regional cycles: the SW Spanish Atlantic coast. International Journal of Climatology 33: 2142–2156.

Resco, P., Iglesias, A., Bardají, I. and V. Sotés, 2016. Exploring adaptation choices for grapevine regions in Spain. Regional Environmental Change 16: 979–993. 

Roberts, G. (ed.), 2009. Current adaptation measures and policies, in: Seppälä, R.,  Buck, A. and P. Katila (eds.), 2009. Adaptation of forests and people to climate change. A global assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 22, Helsinki, 224 pp.

Rodrigo, F. S. and R.M. Trigo, 2007. Trends in daily rainfall in the Iberian Peninsula from 1951 to 2002, International Journal of Climatology 27: 513–529.

Rodrigo, F.S., 2010. Changes in the probability of extreme daily precipitation observed from 1951 to 2002 in the Iberian Peninsula. International Journal of Climatology 30: 1512–1525.

Rodríguez, R., Navarro, X., Casas, M.C., Ribalaygua, J., Russo, B., Pouget, L. and A. Redano, 2014. Influence of climate change on IDF curves for the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain). International  Journal of Climatology 34: 643–654.

Rodrigues, M., Trigo, R.M., Vega-García, C. and A. Cardil, 2020. Identifying large fire weather typologies in the Iberian Peninsula. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 280, 107789.

Rounsevell, M.D.A., Ewert, F., Reginster, I., Leemans, R. and T.R. Carter, 2005. Future scenarios of European agricultural land use: II. Projecting changes in cropland and grassland. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 107 (2-3): 117-135.

Salman, A., S. Lombardo and P. Doody, 2004. Living with coastal erosion in Europe: sediment and space for sustainability. Part I - Major findings and policy recommendations of the EUROSION project. Service contract B4-3301/2001/329175/MAR/B3.

Sánchez, E., Domínguez, M., Romera, R., López de la Franca, N., Gaertner, M.A., Gallardo, C. and M. Castro, 2011.  Regional modeling of dry spells over the Iberian Peninsula for present climate and climate change conditions. Climatic Change 107: 625–634.

Sánchez-Salguero, R., Navarro-Cerillo, R.M., Camarero, J.J. and A. Fernández-Cancio, 2012. Selective drought-induced decline of pine species in southeastern Spain. Climatic Change 113 (3-4): 767-785.

Sapriza-Azuri, G., Jódar, J., Carrera, J. and H.V. Gupta, 2015. Toward a comprehensive assessment of the combined impacts of climate change and groundwater pumping on catchment dynamics. Journal of Hydrology 529: 1701–1712. 

Scheffer, M., Barrett, S., Carpenter, S.R., Folke, C., Green, A.J., Holmgren, M., Hughes, T.P. Kosten, S., Van de Leemput, I.A., Nepstad, D.C., Van Nes, E.H., Peeters, E.T.H.M. and B. Walker, 2015. Creating a safe operating space for iconic ecosystems. Science 347 (6228): 1317-1319.

Schröter,  D., Cramer, W., Leemans, R., Prentice, C.I., Araújo, M.B., Arnell, N.W., Bondeau, A., Bugmann, H., Carter, T.R., Gracia, C.A., De la Vega-Leinert, A.C., Erhard, M., Ewert, F., Glendining, M., House, J.I., Kankaanpää, S., Klein, R.J.T., Lavorel, S., Lindner, M., Metzger, M.J., Meyer, J., Mitchell, T.D., Reginster, I., Rounsevell, M., Sabaté, S., Sitch, S., Smith, B., Smith, J., Smith, P., Sykes, M.T., Thonicke, K., Thuiller, W., Tuck, G., Zaehle, S., and B. Zierl, 2005. Ecosystem Service Supply and Vulnerability to Global Change in Europe. Science 310: 1333-1337.

Semenza J.C. and B. Menne, 2009. Climate Change and Infectious Diseases in Europe. Lancet ID 9: 365-375.

Serrano-Notivoli, R., Beguería, S., Ángel Saz, M. and M. de Luis, 2018. Recent trends reveal decreasing intensity of daily precipitation in Spain. International Journal of Climatology 38: 4211-4224.

Serrano-Notivoli, R., Lemus-Canovas, M., Barrao, S., Sarricolea, P., Meseguer-Ruiz, O. and E. Tejedor, 2022. Heat and cold waves in mainland Spain: Origins, characteristics, and trends. Weather and Climate Extremes 37, 100471. 

Sierra, J.P., Casas-Prat, M., Virgili, M., Mösso, C. and A. Sánchez-Arcilla, 2015.  Impacts on wave-driven harbour agitation due to climate change in Catalan ports. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15: 1695–1709. 

Sierra, J.P., Casanovas, I., Mösso, C., Mestres, M., and A. Sánchez-Arcilla, 2016. Vulnerability of Catalan (NW Mediterranean) ports to wave overtopping due to different scenarios of sea level rise. Regional Environmental Change 16: 1457–1468.

Silva, J.M.N., Moreno, M.V., Le Page, Y., Oom, D., Bistinas, I. and J.M.C. Pereira, 2019. Spatiotemporal trends of area burnt in the Iberian Peninsula, 1975–2013. Regional Environmental Change19: 515-527. 

Simón, F., López-Abente, G., Ballester, E. and F.Martínez, 2005. Mortality in Spain during the heatwaves of summer 2003. Euro Surveillance10 (7): 156-160.

Soto, B., 2018. Climate-induced changes in river water temperature in North Iberian Peninsula. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 133: 101-112. 

Sousa, P.M., Trigo, R.M., Pereira, M.G., Bedia, J. and J.M. Gutiérrez, 2015. Different approaches to model future burnt area in the Iberian Peninsula. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 202: 11–25.

Stigter, T.Y., Nunes, J.P., Pisani, B., Fakir, Y., Hugman, R., Li, Y., Tomé, S., Ribeiro, L., Samper, J., Oliveira, R., Monteiro, J.P., Silva, A., Tavares, P.C.F., Shapouri, M., Cancela da Fonseca, L. and  H. El Himer, 2012. Comparative assessment of climate change and its impacts on three coastal aquifers in the Mediterranean. Regional Environmental Change  14 (Suppl. 1): S41–S56.

Straile, D. and N.C. Stenseth, 2007. The North Atlantic Oscillation and ecology: links between historical time-series, and lessons regarding future climate warming. Climate Research 34: 259-262.

Sumner, G.N., Romero, R., Homar, V., Ramis, C., Alonso, S. and E. Zorita, 2003. An estimate of the effects of climate change on the rainfall of Mediterranean Spain by the late twenty first century. Climate Dynamics Vol. 20 (7-8): 789-805.

Swedish Commission on Climate and Vulnerability, 2007. Sweden facing climate change – threats and opportunities. Final report of the Swedish Commission on Climate and Vulnerability. Swedish Government Official Reports SOU 2007, 679 pp.

Szczypta, C., Gascoin, S., Houet, T., Hagolle, O., Dejoux, J.-F., Vigneau, C. and P. Fanise, 2015. Impact of climate and land cover changes on snow cover in a small Pyrenean catchment. Journal of Hydrology 521:  84–99.

Taylor, R.G., Scanlon, B., Döll, P., Rodell, M., Van Beek, R., Wada, Y., Longuevergne, L., Leblanc, M., Famiglietti, J.S., Edmunds, M., Konikow, L., Green, T.R., Chen, J., Taniguchi, M., Bierkens, M.F.P., MacDonald, A., Fan, Y., Maxwell, R.M., Yechieli, Y., Gurdak, J.J., Allen, D.M., Shamsudduha, M., Hiscock, K., Yeh, P. J.-F., Holman, I. and H. Treidel, 2012.Ground water and climate change. Nature Climate Change.Published Online: 25 November 2012 | DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1744.

Thomas, C.D., Cameron, A., Green, R.E., Bakkenes, M., Beaumont, L.J., Collingham, Y.C., Erasmus, B.F.N., Ferreira de Siqueira, M., Grainger, A., Hannah, L., Hughes, L., Huntley, B., Van Jaarsveld, A.S., Midgley, G.F., Miles, L., Ortega-Huerta, M.A., Peterson, A.T., Phillips, O.L. and S. E. Williams, 2004. Extinction risk from climate change. Nature 427: 145-148.

Thuiller, W., Lavorel, S., Araujo, M.B., Sykes, M.T. and I.C. Prentice, 2005. Climate change threats to plant diversity in Europe. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences USA 102: 8245- 8250.

Touhami, I., Chirino, E., Andreu, J.M., Sánchez, J.R., Moutahir, H. and J. Bellot, 2015. Assessment of climate change impacts on soil water balance and aquifer recharge in a semiarid region in southeast Spain.  Journal of Hydrology 527: 619–629.

Trigo, R. M., Pozo-Vázquez, D., Osborn, T. J., Castro-Díez, Y., Gámiz-Fortis, S. and M.J. Esteban-Parra, 2004. North Atlantic oscillation influence on precipitation, river flow and water resources in the Iberian Peninsula, International Journal of Climatology 24 (8): 925–944.

Turco, M., Llasat, M.-C., Von Hardenberg, J. and A. Provenzale, 2014. Climate change impacts on wildfires in a Mediterranean Environment. Climatic Change 125: 369–380.

Tzanatos, E., Raitsos, D.E., Triantafyllou, G., Somarakis, S. and A.A. Tsonis, 2014. Indications of a climate effect on Mediterranean fisheries. Climatic Change 122: 41–54.

UK Met Office, University of Nottingham, Walker Institute at the University of Reading, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, University of Leeds, Tyndall Centre — University of East Anglia, and Tyndall Centre — University of Southampton, 2011. Climate: observations, projections and impacts. Spain. 120 pp.

UNDP, 2009. Climate change in Moldova. Socio-economic impact and policy options for adaptation. National Human Development Report 2009/2010: 224 pp.

UNWTO, UNEP and WHO, 2008. Climate change and tourism. Responding to global challenges. Summary, 24 pp.

Van Vliet, M.T.H., Yearsley, J.R., Ludwig, F., Vögele, S., Lettenmaier, D.P. and P. Kabat, 2012. Vulnerability of US and European electricity supply to climate change. Nature Climate Change 2: 676-681.

Varela-Ortega, C., Blanco-Gutiérrez, I., Esteve, P., Bharwani, S., Fronzek, S. and T.E. Downing, 2016. How can irrigated agriculture adapt to climate change? Insights from the Guadiana Basin in Spain. Regional Environmental Change 16: 59–70. 

Velasco, M., Versini, P.A., Cabello, A. and A. Barrera-Escoda, 2013. Assessment of flash floods taking into account climate change scenarios in the Llobregat River basin. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13: 3145–3156.

Verschoor, M., 2009. Take care of the elderly. Lessons of the 2003 heat-wave. Change Magazine Vol. 5 Nr. 3: 46-47.

Versini, P.-A., Velasco, M., Cabello, A. and D. Sempere-Torres, 2012. Hydrological impact of forest fires and climate change in a Mediterranean basin. Natural Hazards DOI 10.1007/s11069-012-0503-z. Published online 13 December 2012.

Vicente‐Serrano, S. M. et al., 2019. Climate, irrigation, and land cover change explain streamflow trends in countries bordering the Northeast Atlantic. Geophysical Research Letters 46, doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084084.

Vidaller, I., Revuelto, J., Izagirre, E., Rojas-Heredia, F., Gascoin, S., René, P., Berthier, E., Rico, I., Moreno, A., Serreta, A. and J.I. López-Moreno, 2021. Toward an ice-free mountain range: Demise of Pyrenean glaciers during 2011–2020. Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL094339, doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094339.

Vousdoukas, M.I., Voukouvalas, E., Annunziato, A., Giardino, A. and L. Feyen, 2016.  Projections of extreme storm surge levels along Europe. Climate Dynamics 47: 3171 - 3190.

Wada, Y., van Beek, L.P.H. and M.F.P. Bierkens, 2012. Non-sustainable groundwater sustaining irrigation: A global assessment. Water Resources Research, Vol. 48, W00L06, doi:10.1029/2011WR010562.

Ward, R.E.T., Herweijer, C., Patmore, N. and R. Muir-Wood, 2008. The role of insurers in promoting adaptation to the impacts of climate change. The Geneva Papers (33): 133–139.

Watson, C.S., White, N.J., Church, J.A., King, M.A., Burgette, R.J. and B. Legresy, 2015.  Unabated global mean sea-level rise over the satellite altimeter era. Nature Climate Change 5: 565-569.

Willis, K.J. and S.A. Bhagwat, 2009. Biodiversity and climate change. Science 326: 806 – 807.

World Health Organization, 2007. Environment and health risks from climate change and variability in Italy.

WWF, 2006. Stormy Europe. The power sector and extreme weather.

Yi, S., Sun, W., Heki, K. and A. Qian, 2015. An increase in the rate of global mean sea level rise since 2010. Geophysical Research Letters 42: 3998-4006.

www.iberianature.com; www.news.bbc.co.uk; www.cms.iucn.org; www.worldbank.org